TRASHITECTS

scanning electron microscope scale

The physical principles that are used for the magnification effect can be very different in nature. The oldest known microscopy technique is to light microscopy, which has been developed since about 1600 and where an object through one or more glass lenses is considered. The physical maximum possible resolution of a conventional light microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light used and is limited to at best about 0.2 micrometers. This limit is called the Abbe limit, since the underlying laws of the late 19th Century were described by Ernst Abbe.

Allow a higher resolution electron microscopes, have been developed since the 1930s, when electron beams have a smaller wavelength than light. Atomic force microscopes are working on a different principle and have very fine needles with which the surface is scanned objects. Other species are listed below.

Microscopes were and are an essential tool in biology, medicine and materials science.

Classical light microscope types are based on an imaging principle: Just as in photography is the instrument through a series of lenses through it produces an image that is seen in one piece or recorded.

Some light microscopy and especially microscopes, which are based on different physical principles set, however, a scanning of the object to be created in which the individual pixels of the magnified image line by line. These include for example laser-scanning microscopes, electron microscopes and atomic force microscopes.

Light microscopes, electron microscopes and scanning probe microscopes can be built in numerous variants, and uses that will be presented in the review articles. Besides these there are also microscopes that are based on different physical principles:

- X-ray microscopy
- Ultrasonic microscopy or acoustic microscopy
- Helium-ion microscopy
- Focused Ion Beam Microscope (FIB)
- Photonic Force Microscope
- Magnetic Microscope
- Scanning SQUID Microscope
- Neutron microscope