computer technology
3D accelerator
October 10, 2011 | 
Author 
Professional 3D Graphics
A 3D accelerator video card is an extension of a personal computer, which specializes in the calculation and display of three-dimensional objects. This extension can calculate delta-based algorithms (such as Z-buffering, texture mapping) and anti-aliasing with hardware accelerated much faster. Everyone has a PC sold today, at least rudimentary3D accelerator that is integrated into the graphics card. An exchange for a faster graphics card is very easy to do, the 3D performance, this is more than tenfold. 3Daccelerators are also in gaming consoles like the Xbox 360, Wii and PlayStation 3 use. Increasingly, mobile phones are equipped with appropriate accelerators to provide a more attractive service and be able to play.
Accelerator
To move a part of standard operations to work with images embedded processor on the card adapter is equipped with a host of hardware features, called accelerators. There is a graphics accelerator, accelerator animated, three-dimensional graphics acceleratorwith support for multi-layer images, shadows, etc.
The most common motion today is a triangle, and the most current programs and accelerators to work with triangles. Triangle can be divided every polygon is always flat, and that three points can be uniquely define one plane in space. Shading is as follows: frame buffer processing unit determines whether the shaded point is visible, for example, using the depth buffer (Z-buffer). If visible, the processing unit calculates the texture color texture in accordance with point primitive. Then calculated the color texture is placed into the frame buffer, replacing the previous value lies in there, or combined with any rule. Accelerator should be able to realize a color lighting effects such as metal or reflection and other effects.
As a rule, for every texture, except for color, you can determine the level of transparency. For example, translucent at the edge of explosion and halos around lights in computer games. The last action of the frame buffer processing unit -the imposition of a global effect on the finished image. For example, haze, fog or darkness – from the perspective of the gas pedal is the same. Eliminate the sharp edges of the triangle, given a nice picture “solid” appearance. Previous accelerator takes only two or three last stages.
Posted in computer technology | 
Tags: Color Lighting, Color Texture, Gaming Consoles, Graphics Accelerator, Halos Around Lights, Multilayer Images | 
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Image scaling
Image quality is a feature of a digital image that measures the degradation of the image (typically an image compared to ideal or perfect). Imaging systems can introduce distortion, or artifacts in the signal, so that the quality assessment is an important problem.
In computer graphics and digital image processing called scaling to re-size a digital image, with a distinction between raster and vector graphics. In video technology, the magnification of digital material as well as up-scaling (up-scaling) or resolution enhancement is called.
The scale of images is among other applications in Web browsers, image editing programs, image and file viewer, software, magnifiers, digital zoom in, and the enlarged generation of thumbnails and when outputting images through monitors or printers.
The magnification of images is to be operated for the home theater area of importance for the HDTV-enabled output devices with material in PAL resolution, which comes from e.g a DVD player. The up-scaling is here from special chips made in real time, with the output signal is not stored. The up-scaling is therefore in contrast to the high conversion of a material in which the output signal are not necessarily created in real-time needs, but will save it.
Company Gefen, specializing in solutions for HDTV, HDMI, DVI, represents a new model of home theater Scaler Plus, looks very reminiscent of Mac Mini. Scaler Plus has all the necessary connectors, including analog audio input, S-video, two connectors HDMI, four digital audio outputs, two connectors for coaxial cables and optical for two. Along with the standard DVD-player device supports HD DVD, Blu-ray and other HD-device.
Home theater can perform a double scaling video in real time (maximum delay of -1 frame), is able to recognize the screen with the rapidly changing picture. With the scaling of raster graphics image whose resolution is changed. This means that is generated from a given grid graph, a new image with a higher or lower number of picture elements (pixels). When scaling a vector image contrast before the screening, the graphical primitives that make up the vector graphics, drawn by geometric transformation.
Posted in computer technology, digital technology | Tags: Digital Audio Outputs, Digital Image Processing, Grid Graph, Hdmi Dvi, Image Editing Programs, Raster Graphics | Comments Closed
GUI
In computing, graphical user interface or GUI is a type of user interface that lets you interact with digital devices through graphics and icons and other visual indicators, in contrast to the command line interface.
The interaction is usually done via a mouse or a keyboard, with which the user is able to select symbols and manipulate them in order to get some practical result. These symbols are called widgets and are grouped in kits.
Graphical environment is a software designed to facilitate and make practical use of the computer through visual representations of the operating system.
To have only the Windows graphical environment default, the Windows Vista versions have the so-called Windows Aero, the main feature with Flip 3D. To have multiple Linux desktop environments, including, KDE, Gnome, Blackbox, Xfce, etc. .. There is also the option of not having to use graphical environment. To provide the functionality of the graphical environment there are programs such as X.org, XFree86.
The precursor of graphical user interfaces was invented by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute, led by Douglas Engelbart. During the 1960s, they developed the use of text hyperlinks manipulated with a mouse to the NLS. Ivan Sutherland developed a pointer-based system called Sketchpad in 1963, wearing a light pen to guide the creation and manipulation of objects in engineering drawings. During the 1970s, the concept of hyperlinks was further refined and extended by researchers at Xerox PARC, who went beyond the text interface, using a graphical interface as the main interface of the Xerox Alto computer, which influenced most modern graphical user interfaces since then.
The PARC User Interface consists of graphical widgets with windows, menus, check boxes, check boxes and icons. It uses a pointing device in addition to the keyboard. PARC followed this system, the first model based only on graphical user interface was the Xerox 8010 Star Information System, 1981.
A graphical user interface uses a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform with which the user can interact.
In personal computers, the combination is the best known WIMP, which consists of windows, icons, menus and pointers. In this system, we use a pointing device like a mouse to control the position of a cursor and display information organized and represented through windows and icons. Available commands are compiled through menus and driven through the pointing device. A window manager facilitates interaction between windows, applications and the window system, it is responsible for dealing with hardware devices such as the pointing device and graphics hardware.
The simulation provided by window managers, including the interaction between windows and other graphics, produce a desktop environment.
Mobile devices such as PDAs and smartphones also use elements of the WIMP but with other types of metaphors, due to resource constraints of the device itself.
